• A small woody shrub in the nightshade family (Solanaceae).

  • Leaves: simple, ovate, with smooth margins; pale green.

  • Flowers: bell-shaped, greenish-yellow.

  • Fruit: small red berry (when mature) enclosed by a papery calyx.

  • Habitat: native to India, North Africa, and parts of the Middle East; cultivated and naturalized in many tropical & subtropical regions. Prefers dry, sandy or well-drained soils.

  • Forage cautiously: berries are toxic when unripe, parts of plant have toxic constituents if improperly prepared. Always verify correct species and source.

Withania somnifera

gray concrete wall inside building
gray concrete wall inside building
Medical Benefits
Usage

  • Stress / Anxiety / Mood
    • Lowers cortisol, modulates HPA-axis
    • May increase GABA and serotonin
    • Clinical trials show reduced perceived stress and anxiety

  • Hormonal / Vitality Effects
    • Increased testosterone and DHEA-S in overweight/aging males

  • Anti-Inflammatory / Antioxidant
    • Reduces inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6)
    • Decreases oxidative stress (shown in animal & in vitro studies)

  • Cognitive / Sleep Support
    • Some studies report improved sleep quality, memory, and attention

  • Muscle Strength / Performance
    • RCTs show increased strength and muscle gains when combined with resistance training

  • Stress / Anxiety / Mood
    • 125–500 mg/day of standardized WS extract (root + leaf)
    • Duration: 6–8 weeks
    • Example: Sensoril® used in clinical trials

  • Hormonal Support / Vitality
    • ~21 mg withanolide glycosides/day (Shoden® extract)
    • Duration: 8 weeks
    • Shown effective in overweight men

  • General Wellness / Adaptogen
    • 250–500 mg/day root extract
    • Duration: 4+ weeks
    • Start at lower dose; increase as tolerated

  • Safety Ceiling (Healthy Adults)
    • Up to 1000 mg/day root extract
    • Duration: 4 weeks safely tested
    • Longer-term use still needs more study

white and black abstract painting
white and black abstract painting

  1. An open-label, single dose, safety and pharmacokinetic study of Withania somnifera root extract in healthy volunteers — PubMed. PubMed

  2. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Examining the Hormonal and Vitality Effects of Ashwagandha in Aging, Overweight Males — PubMed. PubMed

  3. Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract: RCT in Healthy Adults — PubMed. PubMed

  4. Effects of Withania somnifera Extract in Chronically Stressed Adults — PMC. PMC

  5. Pharmacologic overview of Withania somnifera, the Indian Ginseng — PMC. PMC

Reference

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