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  • A small woody shrub in the nightshade family (Solanaceae).

  • Leaves: simple, ovate, with smooth margins; pale green.

  • Flowers: bell-shaped, greenish-yellow.

  • Fruit: small red berry (when mature) enclosed by a papery calyx.

  • Habitat: native to India, North Africa, and parts of the Middle East; cultivated and naturalized in many tropical & subtropical regions. Prefers dry, sandy or well-drained soils.

  • Forage cautiously: berries are toxic when unripe, parts of plant have toxic constituents if improperly prepared. Always verify correct species and source.

Withania somnifera

Ashwagandha/Winter Cherry/ Indian Ginseng

Medical Benefits
Usage

  • Stress / Anxiety / Mood
    • Lowers cortisol, modulates HPA-axis
    • May increase GABA and serotonin
    • Clinical trials show reduced perceived stress and anxiety

  • Hormonal / Vitality Effects
    • Increased testosterone and DHEA-S in overweight/aging males

  • Anti-Inflammatory / Antioxidant
    • Reduces inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6)
    • Decreases oxidative stress (shown in animal & in vitro studies)

  • Cognitive / Sleep Support
    • Some studies report improved sleep quality, memory, and attention

  • Muscle Strength / Performance
    • RCTs show increased strength and muscle gains when combined with resistance training

  • Stress / Anxiety / Mood
    • 125–500 mg/day of standardized WS extract (root + leaf)
    • Duration: 6–8 weeks
    • Example: Sensoril® used in clinical trials

  • Hormonal Support / Vitality
    • ~21 mg withanolide glycosides/day (Shoden® extract)
    • Duration: 8 weeks
    • Shown effective in overweight men

  • General Wellness / Adaptogen
    • 250–500 mg/day root extract
    • Duration: 4+ weeks
    • Start at lower dose; increase as tolerated

  • Safety Ceiling (Healthy Adults)
    • Up to 1000 mg/day root extract
    • Duration: 4 weeks safely tested
    • Longer-term use still needs more study

  1. An open-label, single dose, safety and pharmacokinetic study of Withania somnifera root extract in healthy volunteers — PubMed. PubMed

  2. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Examining the Hormonal and Vitality Effects of Ashwagandha in Aging, Overweight Males — PubMed. PubMed

  3. Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract: RCT in Healthy Adults — PubMed. PubMed

  4. Effects of Withania somnifera Extract in Chronically Stressed Adults — PMC. PMC

  5. Pharmacologic overview of Withania somnifera, the Indian Ginseng — PMC. PMC

Reference

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